In TETRA specifications, one of the modulation technique used is Differential 8 Phase Shift Keying (D8PSK). We will discuss the bit error rate with non-coherent demodulation of D8PSK in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
We have installed Google FriendConnect on dspLog.com. With Google Friend Connect, you can: (a) You can interact with other members who have similiar interests. You will come to know the list of other sites (apart from dspLog.com) where the members have joined. You can add a member as a friend and so on. (b) You…
My friend and colleague Mr. Vineet Srivastava pointed me to a nice article on clock jitter – Clock Jitter Effects on Sampling : A tutorial – by Carlos Azeredo-Leme, IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, Third Quarter 2011. In this post, let us discuss the total Signal to Noise Ratio at the output of an analog to…
In an earlier post, it was mentioned that delta modulator without the quantizer is identical to convolving an input sequence with . Let us first try to validate that thought using a small MATLAB example and using the delta modulator circuit shown in Figure 9.13a of DSP-Proakis [1]. % delta modulation xn = sin(2*pi*1/64*[0:63]); xhatn…
This post discuss about the thermal noise in RC low pass filter. Using the noise equivalent model using resistor with a voltage source, which gets passed through a no noise RC low pass filter. The noise power at the output is computed by integrating the output voltage spectral density over all frequencies.
In this post, we will derive the theoretical equation for bit error rate (BER) with Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation scheme in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. The BER results obtained using Matlab/Octave & Python simulation scripts show good agreement with the derived theoretical results. System Model Transmitter With Binary Phase Shift Keying…
Oscillators are used in typical radio circuits to drive the mixer used for the up-conversion or down-conversion of the passband transmission. Ideally, the spectrum of the oscillator is expected to have an impulse at the frequency of oscillation with no frequency components else where. However the spectrum of practical oscillators do have spectrum skirts around…
Question 34 on signals from GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) 2012 Electronics and Communication Engineering paper. Q34. Consider the differential equation with and The numerical value of is (A) -2 (B) -1 (C) 0 (D) 1
IEEE 802.11ac Very High Throughput (for <6GHz band) is an upcoming standard which is development by IEEE standardization committee. The mandate of Task Group AC is supposed to enhance the High Throughput rates achieved by 802.11n. As described in the document VHT below 6GHz PAR plus 5C’s (802.11-08/0807r4) the group has the following objectives :
After almost 6 months with the Smashing Theme template, its time for a change. Recently I stumbled upon the Deep Blue template from DailyBlogTips. I liked the clean blue-green-white combination and and felt it might be a good fit for www.dsplog.com. Hope you agree. One key feature which I like is addition of tag cloud…
When QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) is used, typically one may find a scaling factor associated with the constellation mapping operation. It may be reasonably obvious that this scaling factor is for normalizing the average energy to one. This post attempts to compute the average energy of the 16-QAM, 64-QAM and M-QAM constellation (where is a…
This is the first post in the series discussing receiver diversity in a wireless link. Receiver diversity is a form of space diversity, where there are multiple antennas at the receiver. The presence of receiver diversity poses an interesting problem – how do we use ‘effectively‘ the information from all the antennas to demodulate the…
In this post, we will explore a probable way of reducing PAPR (peak to average power ratio) in OFDM by changing the phase of some of the subcarriers. This is in response to the comment to post on Peak to Average power ratio for OFDM, where Mr. Elibom suggested to reduce the PAPR by cyclically…
I have written another article in DSPDesginLine.com. This article can be treated as the third post in the series aimed at understanding Shannon’s capacity equation. For the first two posts in the series are: 1. Understanding Shannon’s capacity equation 2. Bounds on Communication based on Shannon’s capacity The article summarizes the symbol error rate derivations…