Coding is a technique where redundancy is added to original bit sequence to increase the reliability of the communication. Lets discuss a simple binary convolutional coding scheme at the transmitter and the associated Viterbi (maximum likelihood) decoding scheme at the receiver. Update: For some reason, the blog is unable to display the article which discuss…
In this post, we will derive the theoretical equation for bit error rate (BER) with Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation scheme in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. The BER results obtained using Matlab/Octave & Python simulation scripts show good agreement with the derived theoretical results. System Model Transmitter With Binary Phase Shift Keying…
In two previous posts, we have derived theoretical symbol error rate for 16-QAM and 16-PSK modulation schemes. The links are: (a) Symbol error rate for 16-PSK (b) Symbol error rate for 16-QAM Given that we are transmitting the same number of constellation points in both 16-PSK and 16-QAM, let us try to understand the better…
Coding is a technique where redundancy is added to original bit sequence to increase the reliability of the communication. In this article, lets discuss a simple binary convolutional coding scheme at the transmitter and the associated Viterbi (maximum likelihood) decoding scheme at the receiver. Update: For some reason, the blog is unable to display the…
Considering a typical scenario where there might exist a small phase offset between local oscillator between the transmitter and receiver. Figure 1 : Transmitter receiver with constant phase offset In such cases, it might be desirable to estimate and track the phase offset such that the performance of the receiver does not degrade.
As on 21st October 2007, we moved from blogspot domain at to the self hosted domain at https://dsplog.com. Over the last two years, the blog has grown quite a bit, and am reasonably happy with the progress. Let us look back at the positives and negatives over the last year.
The article gives a quick overview of a simple statistical multipath channel model called Rayleigh fading channel model. Multipath environment In a multipath environment, it is reasonably intuitive to visualize that an impulse transmitted from transmitter will reach the receiver as a train of impulses.
My understanding of the CORDIC (Co-ordinate Rotation by DIgital Computer) thanks to the nice article in [DSPGURU-CORDIC].
In a classification problem, the output (also called the label or class) takes a small number of discrete values rather than continuous values. For a simple binary classification problem, where output takes only two discrete values : 0 or 1, the sigmoid function can be used to transform the output of a linear regression model…
Question 52 on electromagnetics from GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) 2012 Electronics and Communication Engineering paper. An infinitely long uniform solid wire of radius carries a uniform dc current of density . Q52. The magnetic field at a distance from the center of the wire is proportional to (A) for and for (B) for and for (C) for and for (D) for and for Solution…
In the past, we had discussed two transmit, one receive antenna Alamouti Space Time Block Coding (STBC) scheme. In this post, lets us discuss the impact of having two antennas at the receiver. For the discussion, we will assume that the channel is a flat fading Rayleigh multipath channel and the modulation is BPSK.
We have discussed quite a few receiver structures for a 2×2 MIMO channel namely, (a) Zero Forcing (ZF) equalization (b) Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) equalization (c) Zero Forcing equalization with Successive Interference Cancellation (ZF-SIC) (d) ZF-SIC with optimal ordering and (e) MIMO with MMSE SIC and optimal ordering From the above receiver structures, we…
The definition of Toeplitz matrix from [1] is: A matrix is said to be Toeplitz if the elements are determined completely by the difference .