December 3, 2024
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Bit error rate for 16PSK modulation using Gray mapping

Krishna Sankar405 mins

In this post, let us derive the theoretical bit error probability for 16PSK modulation using Gray coded mapping. For deriving the equation, we will refer material from the following posts:

(a) Symbol Error Rate for 16PSK

(b) Gray code to Binary code conversion for PSK

(c) Binary to Gray code conversion for PSK

As discussed in the previous posts, the key feature of Gray code is that adjacent symbols differ by only one bit. The 16PSK constellation with Gray mapping can be as shown in the figure below.

16PSK constellation with Gray mapping

Figure: 16PSK constellation plot with Gray coded bit-mapping

From the discussion on symbol error rate for 16PSK in AWGN, we have proved that the symbol error rate for an M-PSK modulation is,

.

Relation between bit energy Eb/No to symbol energy Es/No

As can be seen from the constellation plot, for a 16PSK modulation, each symbol transmits bits. In general, for an M-PSK modulation the number bits in each constellation symbol is,

.

Since each symbol consists of bits, the symbol to noise ratio is times the bit to noise ratio , ie.

.

Relation between symbol error and bit error

For reasonable symbol to noise ratio , the symbol will be in error when noise causes the symbol to fall in the adjacent symbol bin. Now thanks to the Gray coded mapping, even if the symbol goes into the adjacent symbol there will be only 1 bit in error from the bits. So, the relation between symbol error and bit error is,

.

Note:

For very low symbol to noise ratio, the noise can cause the symbol to fall into the non-adjacent symbol bin. This may cause more than 1 bit error for each symbol error. However, we can ignore this case considering that we are interested only in reasonably high values of symbol to noise ratio. 🙂

Probability of bit error for M-PSK modulation

Combining the above two equations, the bit error probability for a general M-PSK modulation is,

.

(Of course for 16-PSK, M=16).

Matlab/Octave script for simulation 16-PSK BER

The Matlab/Octave script performs the following:

(a) Generation of random 1’s and 0’s

(b) Assigning group of 4 bits to each constellation symbol per the Gray mapping

(c) Addition of white Gaussian Noise

(d) Demodulation of PSK symbols and

(e) De-mapping per decimal to Gray conversion

(f) Counting the number of bit errors

(g) Running this for each value of Eb/No in steps of 1dB.

Click here to download: Matlab/Octave script for simulating 16PSK bit error rate

Bit Error rate plot for 16PSK modulation using Gray mapping

Figure: Bit error rate plot for 16PSK modulation using Gray mapping

Observations

1. The simulated results show good agreement with the theoretical results.

2. For low Eb/No values, we can see that the simulated bit error rate is slightly higher than that expected by theory. As explained above, this can be attributed to noise causing symbol to fall into the non-adjacent bin.

Hope this helps,
Krishna

40 thoughts on “Bit error rate for 16PSK modulation using Gray mapping”

  5. Hello Sir! i would really appreciate if for the 16QAM bit error rate instead of adding Gaussian noise other types of noise eg: impulsive is added.How can i do that?Pls help

    Reply

      1. thank u sir.sir if we increase the BER. The signal to noise ratio will decrease or not? plz reply…..

        Reply

  7. hi man how are u ?
    i just want to ask that for 8-PSK is the same for 16-PSK and the only difference is change M from 16 to 8 ???
    i look forward to hear from you

    regards
    Deep

    Reply

  9. dear krishna….
    iam working on ofdm system with rayleigh channel multipath using jakes model and the syntax that is availanle in matlab ‘chan=rayleighchan(ts,fd,tau,gaindb)’ but i face aproblem that when i send the data bits through this channel with three paths i always get bit error rate equal to 0.5 or little less so iam asking you if could help me to exceed this problem pls…send me the answer if you could on email…
    thanks…

    Reply

  10. Hi,

    I have a question on the part “Relation between symbol error and bit error”. I have read in many books and know for a fact that Pb = Ps / k, but I have not heard a reasonable explanation for that fact. Could you elaborate?

    Reply

  11. Sir,
    When 16PSK is to convert into passband, how can I recover the phase in the demodulator stage? Do you know some method or equation in order to simulate it?

    Thanks again, sir.

    Reply

  12. Sir,
    Is it possible that the modulated signal from this simulation can be viewed in time domain? As if your looking it in the oscilloscope.

    Thank you sir

    Reply

  13. dear sir,
    i want
    1.matalb script for simulating BER for QPSK modulation in AWGN chnanel.
    2.matlab script for simulating BER for 16QAM modulation in AWGN chnanel.
    3.Matlab script for simulating BER for 64QAM modulation in AWGN chnanel.
    could u help me please i will very greatful to you.

    Reply

  14. Hi sir,
    i want matlab script for comparing bit error probabilities of the 16 QAM and 16 PSK schemes using OFDM.
    could u please help.
    i will be very thankful to u.
    please reply as soon as possible

    Reply

  15. Hi sir,
    i want matlab script for comparing bit error probabilities of the 16 QAM and 16 PSK schemes using OFDM.
    could u please help.

    Reply

  17. hi..ı need QPSK modulatıon with gray mapping technique as a matlab code immediatelly.if you have please post ıt.thank u

    Reply

  21. hello,
    where is matlab script for psk-16 with gray code? I found here only psk-16 without gray code. but i need that. can u post that?

    Reply

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