Frequency offset estimation using 802.11a short preamble

From the previous post on OFDM (here), we have understood that an OFDM waveform is made of sum of multiple sinusoidals (also called subcarriers) each modulated independently. In this post, let us try to understand the estimation of frequency offset in a typical OFDM receiver (using the short preamble specified per IEEE 802.11a specification as a reference).

Understanding frequency offset

In a typical wireless communication system, the signal to be transmitted is upconverted to a carrier frequency prior to transmission. The receiver is expected to tune to the same carrier frequency for downconverting the signal to baseband, prior to demodulation.

Signal Up/Down conversion

Figure: Up/down conversion

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First order digital PLL for tracking constant phase offset

Considering a typical scenario where there might exist a small phase offset between local oscillator between the transmitter and receiver.

tx_rx_phase_offset.gif

Figure 1 : Transmitter receiver with constant phase offset

In such cases, it might be desirable to estimate and track the phase offset such that the performance of the receiver does not degrade.

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